NEKO NEGRA

The buss is an active routing matrix. The stereo buss is the last stop for the signal. If it has to be heard, it needs to go through the stereo buss. The bussing network and stereo buss are two different things.

Things the engineer can control:

• What comes in
• Where it goes
• How signal is combined with other signals
• Tonal spectrum (EQ)
• Dynamics (compression and gating)

Mic Preamp: Active volume control that brings microphone to line level. Line level can be +4 (pro) or -10 (semi-pro). Mics put out signal that is 60-65 db weaker.
Line amplifiers adjust line signal, typically sweepable from 10db to +10db.
Phase reversal switch: Changes polarity by 180degrees phase to correct time and space differential.
Insert points: Preamp out to EQ in inserts the signal right after it is amplified, while tape out to line makes the insert point after the equalizer.

There are 3 categories of recording console:

1. Pro and Semi-pro: Pro consoles are characterized by operating at +4db and have 24 or more busses. Submaster faders are used for grouping only, and not to control the level of the busses. 4 busses means 4 submaster faders while 8 busses means 8 submaster faders.
2. Split and Inline: Split means that for every channel recorded, one is needed to play back the track. Therefore 24 tracks need 48 tracks to monitor. One channel goes to tape while one channel is used to listen back. Inline means the entire console has monitor selection built into every channel.
3. Analog and Digital: Analog consoles route control and manipulate signal in the form of voltage. Digital consoles convert analog signal into binary code (bytes) that represent signal and can be routed, controlled and manipulated digitally inside the computer.

Pre-fader and post fader:

• Pre fader: Aux send receives level before channel fader, determines by preamp operating at set level.
• Post fader: Level determined by channel fader.

Passive and active:

• Passive: Can only take away, cannot boost. Examples include filters and faders.
• Active: Can only add or boost. Example: preamp.

Unity gain: When the input level equals the output level.

Five steps for aux sends:

1. Turn up aux send channel
2. Turn up aux send master
3. Set level on effects device
4. Set level on the return
5. Assign fx device to stereo buss

Eight critical components from mic to multi-track:

1. Microphone: changes acoustic energy (sound) into electrical energy (signal).
2. Mic/line switch: Chooses between the source type. Mic or line level signal.
3. Mic pre-amp: Active volume control to boost mic level to line level by 60-65db.
4. Passive volume control
5. Mute switch
6. Odd/even buss pan: Splits signal into two paths, odd and even.
7. Bussing network: safely combine two or more signals.
8. Multi track recorder

Also patching and signal flow.